Colonoscopy

What is Colonoscopy?

Colonoscopy is a procedure that allows your doctor to examine the inside of your colon (large intestine) and rectum. During the procedure, a long, flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) is inserted through the rectum and guided through the entire colon.

This procedure is the most effective method for detecting colon cancer and precancerous polyps, which can be removed during the procedure to prevent cancer from developing.

Why is Colonoscopy Performed?

Colonoscopy may be performed to:

  • Screen for colon cancer and precancerous polyps (recommended starting at age 45 for average-risk individuals)
  • Investigate symptoms such as rectal bleeding, chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, or unexplained weight loss
  • Monitor patients with a history of polyps or colon cancer
  • Evaluate inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis)
  • Remove polyps or take tissue samples (biopsies) for analysis

Preparation

Proper preparation is crucial for a successful colonoscopy. You'll need to follow a clear liquid diet for 1-2 days before the procedure and take a bowel preparation (laxative) to completely empty your colon.

Your doctor will provide specific instructions about the preparation, including when to start the liquid diet, when to take the bowel prep, and when to stop eating and drinking. It's important to follow these instructions carefully to ensure your colon is properly cleaned.

You may also need to adjust certain medications, especially blood thinners. Be sure to inform your doctor about all medications you're taking.

During the Procedure

Colonoscopy is performed under sedation, so you'll be comfortable and may not remember the procedure. The procedure typically takes 30-60 minutes.

During the procedure, your doctor will examine the entire length of your colon. If polyps are found, they can usually be removed immediately. Tissue samples may also be taken for further analysis.

After the Procedure

After colonoscopy, you'll be monitored until the sedation wears off. You may experience some gas or bloating, which is normal and should resolve quickly.

You'll need someone to drive you home. You can usually resume normal activities the next day. Your doctor will discuss the findings with you and provide recommendations, including when you should have your next colonoscopy.

Contact your doctor immediately if you experience severe abdominal pain, heavy rectal bleeding, fever, or persistent nausea after the procedure.